TOPIC 2: SOIL


 Introduction

Soil is a hard surface of Earth, that made up of dead organic and inorganic particles. It provide structural support for plants used in Agriculture and is also their source of water and nutrients. 

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Soil aeration

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Soil profile

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Soil profile  Soil profile  is a vertical section of the soil that is exposed by a soil pit. A soil pit is a hole that is dug from the surface of the soil to the underlying bedrock. Types of the soil profile  Horizon A ( Topsoil ) This is the layer that we call " topsoil ". It is usually dark in colour due to human presence. It is well aerated and well drained. It consists of good crumb structure and is highly weathered and fertile. It also contains soil living organisms and usually cultivated part of soil. Horizon B (Sub-soil) This is the layer that we call " sub-soil ". It is located below Horizon A. It has clay and mineral deposits. It accommodates few plants roots and soil organisms. It is usually poorly drained and aerated. Leached plant nutrients from topsoil accumulate in subsoil. It is less susceptible to erosion and weathering.  Horizon C ( Parental material ) This is the layer that we call " parent material/semi-watered " and is located below the...
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